大陸部落格精選

韓寒：中國為什么不是文化大國

【李華芳按：我做了一些編輯，主要是韓寒童鞋的上海普通話聽得有些北方人糊里糊涂，我這種在上海的就相對習慣一些。同時本文參考了http://zkaip.com/2010/02/01/xiamen-university-hanhan/的一個先期整理稿。】

圖片來源：http://hi.baidu.com/scworks/blog/item/82330d5c4625c048fbf2c027.html

第二次來到廈門，然后這里的空氣很好，難怪大家都喜歡散步啊。

剛才我聽鄧老師說了一些關于愛國主義的一些問題，我想到了兩句話，我是之前看到的，是別人這么說的:第一句話是—愛國主義是流氓最后的庇護所。第二句話是—真正的愛國主義就是要保護這個國家，讓這個國家不受到政府任何的迫害。

然后今天我為了一些說的內容帶了一個稿紙，這是為了約束我自己。主要是讓大家不要受到什么迫害，“我怕我滿嘴跑火車”，開始了啊：

各位領導，各位老師，各位同學大家好，大家知道中國為什么成為不了文化大國嗎?因為在我們大部分講話的時候，各位領導都是放在第一位的，而大部分領導都是沒有文化的。“他們還是懼怕文化的，是審查文化，但是呢，他們又能夠控制文化，所以說這個國家怎么夠成為，文化大國呢?各位領導你們說呢？”

其實中國是有成為一個文化大國的潛力的。我給大家講個故事。我主編一本雜志，現在都沒有出版。但憲法上有規定啊，每個公民都擁有出版的自由，但是呢我們的王法又有規定，就是領導有不讓你出版的自由。這個雜志呢很多地方在審查上遇到了很多問題，封面有一副漫畫，漫畫是一張圖，主人公是個男的，他沒有穿衣服。當然這就是不可以了，因為相關的法律法規規定不能露出那個陰部來公開的出版。但這是我認可了，所以把那個雜志特別大的一個LOGO啊就擋在它那個不合法的部位，然后后來這些出版社的審查人員就告訴我說，誒，這個不可以，你把這個人的中間這個地方啊擋住了，你這是在暗喻“檔中央”。

我的反應和大家一樣啊，我被雷到了。我當時腦子里就在想，把你這個驚天地泣鬼神的想象力啊用在文藝創作上，而不是用在文藝審查上那該有多好。通過這個故事我想告訴大家，其實大家都是有想象力的啊，但是很多事情我們只能想，我們不能。。。不能去做，不能寫，甚至有的場合不能說。

我們的限制太多了，這是一個限制級的國家。在限制級的國家里怎么可能產生非常豐富的文化。我已經算是一個自我限制很少的一個同志了。但是在我作品的時候呢，有個警報就在響，警察不能寫，領導不能寫，政策不能寫，制度不能寫，司法不能寫，歷史不能寫，西藏不能寫，新疆不能寫，集會不能寫，游行不能寫，黃色不能寫，焚燒不能寫，低俗不能寫，啊，高雅我也寫不出。抱歉啊，我真的寫不出高雅，我又不是余秋雨。

我在網路上發表的一些文章啊，尺度已經算是比較大的。有很多寫劇本的朋友，比如張愛玲這些寫劇本的朋友，包括寧財神啊寫一些話劇，還有電影編劇，他們非常的痛苦啊。在這樣的一個文化環境下，我就開始想，如果你成為一個文化大國，除非全世界都是在談中國、朝鮮和阿富汗。

朝鮮是文化禁地，大家都知道。然后阿富汗是因為國內的局勢正在搞不清楚他還顧不上，但縱然這樣，他們都有作家寫出了《追風箏的人》。當然遺憾的是這不是在阿富汗說的，我想，一旦阿富汗搞清楚了，也不是沒有可能去超過朝鮮。

我們所謂的在國際交流上不斷贊揚一些四大名著和孔孟之道，這樣就像相親的時候女方問你有沒有錢，你說你祖宗十八輩上有錢。這是沒用的。這個杯具的造成，和大家沒有任何的關系。但通往朝鮮的道路，是由每一個沉默的人鋪就的。某一方面我們當然要比朝鮮強很多啊。因為大家也都知道朝鮮是什么樣子的。另外一方面呢，我相信在座的大家，其實很多人，大家不一定沉默啊，大家只是被和諧了。

在中國的這個掃黃史上,可能很多同學，我想大家應該都知道，畢竟是大學生，大家都知道雖然現在的一些教材上并沒有具體內容，就是鄧麗君和劉文正都是黃色的，下流淫穢，但是呢因為聽的人多了他們就變成了黃色和下流，他們就不淫穢了，但是呢到最后全國人民都在聽，所以他們既不黃色也不下流了。

如果我們都能夠來反對文化的審查，讓我們的屏蔽詞里除了那些反人類的詞匯不再有其他詞匯，那我們才有可能去創造出一個文化大國，哪怕是在這個過程當中你我的名字都會進入這個屏蔽詞庫，但我相信一個屏蔽詞庫是有它的最大載重量的，每一個新增加的詞匯都是在加速它的滅亡。

我希望我們的新聞媒體的從業者，我們的學生老師，每一個文化的從業者愛好者，包括我們的管理者，可以努力讓我們的屏蔽和審查越來越少。我們的領導們，因為這個領導是和大家分開的啊，所以我們的領導我們的政府可以有足夠的自信讓文化更加的開放。我知道我們的領導很喜歡向國外輸出我們的文化，覺得這是一個強國的象征，但是以現有的文化我覺得實在是輸不出去的。我們在創造文化作品的時候，每一個作者每一個從業人員，他們在時刻進行著自我的審查，在這樣一個創作環境下，我覺得怎么能產生像樣的文化作品呢，在全世界范圍內。你把文藝作品閹割得像新聞聯播一樣給外國人看，然后企圖輸出中國的文化，你當外國人是外星人啊。

中國是不是在經濟上真正的崛起了，這個呢要等我們的房地產業崩盤了以后再看，現在一切都不好說，但是如果一個國家在文化上真正的崛起了，那它真的是一個強國，而且我想應該永遠不會有崩盤的危險。

最后說回到我們的屏蔽詞庫，一個屏蔽詞庫里的詞越勢多，我們這個國家的文化就會越勢弱。當然我們的政府會給大家很多的解釋，他們會告訴你，我們這么做是為了保護青少年，是為了社會的穩定，文化是自由的。所以他們有權屏蔽任何危害青少年，破壞社會穩定的資訊和文化。但是如果你認同了,遲早有一天你會發現，你在控訴你的遭遇的時候，他們會將你屏蔽，罪名是破壞社會穩定。到了最后，凡是不利于統治階層的，不利于他們獲得利益的言論，都是破壞社會的穩定，都是危害青少年。如果我們當時容忍了綠霸花季護航的話，那么我們就會看到綠霸花甲護航，到那個時候就不光光是文化的東西了。

所以同學們,我們不能讓這一天的到來。否則在若干年以后，在子孫們通過衛星接收到的電子課本的歷史書上，我們都會是笑料。

謝謝大家。

視頻參見：http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTQ5NTQ1OTU2.html

This is my second time in Xiamen.  The weather here is great.  No wonder people like to go outside and stroll.  Hmmm … I just heard Teacher Deng spoke about certain issues on nationalism.  I was reminded of a couple of sayings which I came across them previously.  They are other people\’s words, not mine.  The first saying is, \』Nationalism is the last refuge of scoundrels.\』  The second sentence is, \』True patriotism is to protect this country so that it will not suffer any harm.\』

For today\’s talk, I have brought along a written speech in order to constrain myself.  Mainly, I don\’t want you to suffer any harm because I may stray all over the place.  Let me begin.

Dear leaders, dear teachers, dear students, how are you?  Do you know why China cannot become a grand cultural nation?  It is because most of the time when we speak, we put \』Dear leaders\』 first and those leaders are uncultured.  Not only that, for they are also afraid of culture, they censor culture and they control culture.  So how can such a nation become a grand cultural nation?  Dear leaders, what do you say?

Actually, China has the potential to become a grand cultural nation.  Let me tell you a story.  I am the chief editor of a magazine which has yet to be published.  The Constitution states that every citizen has the freedom to publish, but the law also says that the leaders has the freedom not to let you publish.  This magazine encountered certain problems during the review process.  There is a cartoon drawing.  In it, there is a man without clothes — of course, this is unacceptable because the law says that we cannot exhibit the private parts in a publicly available magazine.  I agree with that and I don\’t have a problem with it.  Therefore, I intentionally created an extra-large magazine logo to place at the illegal spot of the cartoon.  But unexpectedly, the publisher and the censor told us that this was unacceptable too — when you cover up the middle part of a person, you are referring to the \』Party Central\』 (note: \』party\』 is a homonym for \』block/shield\』 and \』central\』 can mean either \』center\』 or \』middle\』).  My reaction was like yours — I was awed and shocked.  I thought to myself, \』Friend, it would be so wonderful if you could put your awe-inspiring imagination into literary creation instead of literary censorship.\』

I use this story to tell you that everybody has good imagination.  Yet we can only imagine many things but we cannot do them, we cannot write about them and we cannot even talk about them in many situations.  We have too many restrictions.  This is a restricted country.  How can a restricted country produce a rich and abundant culture?  I am a comrade who has few restrictions.  But when I write, I cannot help but think: I can\’t write about the police, I can\’t write about the leaders, I can\’t write about government policies, I can\’t write about the system, I can\’t write about the judiciary, I can\’t write about many pieces of history, I cannot write about Tibet, I cannot write about Xinjiang, I cannot write about assemblies, I cannot write about demonstration marches, I cannot write about pornography, I cannot write about censorship, I cannot write about art.  I am unable to write anything elegant.  I am really incapable of writing anything elegant because I am not Yu Qiuyu.

Internet essays have more room.  Many friends who write scripts.  I know some friends who write scripts (such as Ning Caishen\’s theatre scripts) and others who write movie scripts.  They suffer a lot.  Under such a cultural environment, I wonder how can China be a grand cultural nation.  Maybe if the world is reduced down to China, North Korea and Afghanistan.  Everybody knows that culture is out of bounds in North Korea.  In Afghanistan, the situation with the nation is still unclear so they can\’t be bothered with culture for now.  Even so, they have a writer who wrote <The Kite Chaser>, which unfortunately was not published in Afghanistan.  I think that once Afghanistan sorts itself out, it may possibly surpass China.

In our so-called international exchanges, we cannot keep bringing out the Four Great Works or the sayings of Confucius and Mencius.  We know that this is like a conversation during a marriage interview.  The girl\’s side asks you if you are rich and you reply that your ancestors eighteen generations ago were very rich.  That won\’t help you now.  We did not cause this tragedy, even though it is said that the road to North Korea is paved by the silence of everybody.  On one hand, we are better than North Korea because we know what it is like there.  On the other hand, I think that many of you present today are not silent — it is just that we are being harmonized.

In the history of the war against pornography in China, many fellow students are aware (even though these facts have been disappeared from the teaching materials) that Teresa Deng and Liu Wenzheng were pornographic, vulgar and indecent once up a time.  When too many people listened to them sing, they became pornographic, vulgar and indecent.  But when every Chinese person listened to them sing, they were no longer pornographic, vulgar or indecent anymore.  If we all oppose cultural censorship so that the the only words left in the database of banned words are anti-human ones, we can create a grand cultural nation.  It does not matter if my name or yours get added into the database.  I believe that the database has a maximum capacity and every additional word will accelerate its destruction.

I hope that our news media workers, our students, our teachers, our cultural workers and our cultural lovers will try our best to reduce the censorship, and our leaders (who are not the same as our parents) and our government may have sufficient self-confidence to become more open.  I know that our leaders like to export our culture because this is a sign of a strong nation.  But I feel that our present culture is not exportable.  In this creative environment, all writers/workers are constantly censoring themselves.  How can any respectable work be produced in this environment?  Around the world, you attempt to export Chinese culture by offering works that have been castrated like <Network News> to foreigners.  Do you think these foreigners are aliens from outer space?  On the issue of whether China has truly risen up economically, I think we should wait until the real estate industry collapses because we cannot tell right now.  But if a nation truly rises up culturally, it will be a strong nation and it will never have any fear of collapsing.

Finally, I want to return to the database of banned words.  The more words are in that database, the weaker the culture of that nation will be.  But our government gives you plenty of explanations.  They tell you that this is being done to protect young people and to maintain social stability.  Culture is free, so they have the right to censor any information or culture that may endanger young people or destroy social stability.  But if you agree with that, then sooner or later that when you complain about what happened to you one day, they will censor you because you are destroying social stability.  Any opinion that is disadvantageous to the ruling class or their interests destroys social stability and endangers young people.  If we had put up with the Green Dam software back then, we would have Green Dam operating now.  When that time comes, we will not just be looking at the demise of culture.  So fellow students, we cannot let this day arrive.  Otherwise, we will be the laughing stock in the electronic history books that our grandchildren will receive via satellite many years from now.

Thank you, everybody.

英文版參見：http://www.zonaeuropa.com/201002a.brief.htm#004

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